5 Misunderstood Terms That Needlessly Freak Everyone Out

Governments are indeed capable of extreme laws and operations, and they may even implement those at the same time as they declare states of emergency, but declaring a state of emergency has nothing to do with those. Which is small comfort to everyone reading this who's living under those crazy unprecedented conditions right now, but just know the next time you hear a state of emergency declared, don't think, "Shit, it's happening again!" Think, "Phew. Help is on the way."

And speaking of declaring stuff ...

It Actually Means:

Received federal protections, pausing all claims against them.

Filing for bankruptcy (otherwise known as seeking chapter 11 protection) doesn't mean you're going out of business. Companies go out of business all the time without bankruptcy being an option. Rather, bankruptcy is a path companies take to stay in business. Their debts were already huge, but filing for bankruptcy halts new claims, reorganizes their debt, eliminates a whole lot of debt leaving creditors stranded, and lets the company go on. It's not exactly a get-out-of-jail-free card -- that's the other misconception about how bankruptcy works -- but it's a good move.

In the specific case of the Boy Scouts' bankruptcy, all pending suits against them were suspended, and individual branches remained shielded. Victims were not happy. There is another type of bankruptcy, Chapter 7, in which all the company's assets are liquidated and it really is over for them. But when this happens, you'll probably hear the shutdown described explicitly rather than just being called "bankruptcy."

Funny thing is, we probably all know this on some level. We know people who declare bankruptcy aren't taken out back and shot, and we've heard of companies declaring bankruptcy and still being around years later. But we still instinctively associate "bankruptcy" with "the end." Probably because that's what bankruptcy means in Monopoly. Monopoly confused us about a whole lot of concepts. Bankruptcy, mortgages, get-out-of-jail-free cards, the very concept of "fun," and so on. Goddamn it, Monopoly.

Now, like all words, "third world" can change its meaning if enough people misuse it, so if you think someone's using the phrase to mean "poor country," you're probably right. But there is no correct way to refer to poor countries as the third world -- there is no official list of third-world countries, or first-world countries for that matter. And no one in developing countries takes kindly to you placing them in some metaphorical lowest tier (third tier being below a nonexistent, hypothetical second tier).

You can rank all nations by their per-capita income or whatever, but as soon as you demand discrete categories, you're setting yourself up for saying something dumb. And what tier do you put those wealthy Middle Eastern countries with huge populations of poor expats? What about countries with great infrastructure but poor human rights, or countries with a high standard of living but no military? There are a lot of different kinds of countries out there. Also, while we're talking about categorizing stuff ...

It Actually Means:

Easily summarized.

A high-concept premise can be described succinctly, making for a clear and easily evaluated pitch. This script is easy for the writer to market to the studio and the studio to market to the public. Star Wars is high-concept because its premise is "they fight in space." Jaws is high-concept because its premise is "shark terrorizes town." Legally Blonde is "ditsy blonde studies law," and Snakes on a Plane is "snakes on a plane." At the other end of the spectrum are low-concept films, that may be based just on characters, or a community, or a meandering plot, or nothing clear at all. Try pitching all the storylines in American Beauty in one marketable line, or try summarizing a Lars von Trier film -- it's not easy.

The label has nothing to do with quality. Breaking Bad is high-concept while The Wire is low-concept, but both drug shows rank among the greatest series ever made. The label has nothing to do with plot complexity. Inception has fans making flowcharts, but its premise ("dream heist") is easily summarized, making it high-concept. Meanwhile, Pulp Fiction's storyline is complicated but low-concept, Billy Madison is simple and high-concept, and Napoleon Dynamite is simple and low-concept. The label has nothing to do with genre. It has nothing to do with pace. It has nothing to do with intelligence or originality.

Somewhere along the way, nerds and snobs started throwing around "high-concept" as elite praise, but they're using the phrase wrong. They must be confusing it with "high-brow," or maybe they think it has something to do with "conceptual." Whenever you divide things into two categories, people assume one's good and the other's bad. That human tendency is probably also responsible for some larger problems than inaccurate film classification.

It Actually Means:

The courts declared this is currently legal.

In some cases -- the Supreme Court ruling on whether a law is consistent with the Bill of Rights -- yes, the Court is making a grand declaration that we will spend the rest of history looking back on as a statement on what is right. But a judge's job is to interpret the law, so much of the time, they're simply ruling on whether something is consistent with a specific law as currently written. And laws can generally be changed.

With this upskirt case, the judge (a woman, if that makes a difference to anyone) looked at a law that only prohibited photographing an unaware person who is "nude or partially nude." She realized the upskirt victim was neither nude nor partially nude, and concluded that there was no way this exact law prohibited the offense. No one had previously thought to ban upskirting specifically, something largely only possible thanks to modern technology.

So the Massachusetts legislature responded to the court's ruling by passing such a ban ... the very day after the ruling. That's how the government is supposed to function. Sure, that one guy got off, in more ways than one, but overall, the system works.

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