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The funny thing about life is, trouble never comes from where you expect it. You spend two months worried about interviewing for that big job promotion, then on your way there, you get attacked by a pack of wild dogs. That's just the way it goes. So in terms of worldwide disasters, while Hollywood obsesses over asteroid strikes and earthquakes and whatever the fuck 2012 was about, don't be surprised if disaster comes in the form of one of these lesser-known calamities that you'd never even heard of. Until today, that is. #5.
Supervolcanoes
Volcanoes are badass, there is no denying that. People worship the things as gods. They can create damned land masses. And sure, Mt. Pinatubo and Krakatoa may have messed some shit up when they went off, but that's really just a problem for the people who made the rather short-sighted decision to live at the base of one.
But what if you had a really, really big volcano. A super volcano, if you will. One big enough to fuck up the whole planet. Uh Oh... Supervolcanoes exist, and they are to volcanoes what nuclear weapons are to firecrackers. According to Wikipedia, a supervolcano can puke out more than 240-cubic-miles of matter into the sky, which is millions of times larger than a normal eruption.
They are caused by massive amounts of magma building up pressure under the crust, and not enough holes (volcanoes, geysers, etc,) to vent it all. Eventually, the pressure builds until a massive section of earth explodes. The human race was possibly shaped by one such explosion--it wreaked such havoc on the ecosystem that when it was done, there were only enough humans left on the planet to fill one high school gymnasium. But don't worry, there are only, like, seven potential supervolcanoes in the world. Three are in the western United States. So Are We Doomed? Maybe. There is no evidence that any of these are going to explode in our lifetime- oh wait. Long Valley in California has been showing signs of "waking up" in the past 20 years.
Then there are the Siberian traps in Russia, which are quiet for now. This is very good news because it is estimated that if they blew up, they would likely cause another event like the one back at the Permian Triassic boundary 251-million-years ago... which virtually wiped out all life on Earth. #4.
Verneshot
You know how every once in a while you hear a story about some dumbass who fires his gun into the air like Yosemite Sam, only to have the bullet fall back to Earth and kill some bystander a few seconds later? Imagine if the Earth did that, only instead of a bullet, it's a hunk of rock big enough to kill millions of us. That's a verneshot.
Uh Oh... It all starts the same as your mega-volcano up there, when incredibly hot rock starts welling up under the Earth's crust. Only this time, the heat creates a massive buildup of carbon dioxide gas underground. It builds and builds and builds until it erupts with such incredible force that it launches gigantic rocks into fucking space.
Well, not all the way into space. If that's all it did, it wouldn't be such a problem (and in fact we'd probably just sell tickets to that shit--though you'd have to be far enough away to avoid the shockwave and molten rock spraying everywhere). No, the problem is the rock doesn't quite wind up leaving the atmosphere or settling into orbit. So your real troubles start when it comes back down. So Are We Doomed? We don't know for sure that this has ever happened, but if it did, it would basically combine all of the horror of a supervolcano with a massive asteroid strike.
The whole theory came about because when looking back over some extinction-level events of the past, you seem to have both signs of an asteroid strike and a volcanic eruption. And that would be such spectacularly bad luck that it would not only confirm the existence of deity, but of an extremely pissed off deity. So it seems much more likely to some experts that instead of a rock from outer space, that the call was coming from inside the house, so to speak--a hunk of our own planet came crashing down thousands of miles away. It would seriously be like if you were just minding your own business tomorrow and suddenly Tokyo fell on your head. #3.
Gulf Stream Shutdown
In case you didn't know, the Gulf Stream is a sort of a "river" in the Atlantic ocean, a current of water that runs from Florida to western Europe. It has existed for thousands of years, and pumps warm water and air up to western and northern Europe, places that would otherwise be (more) frozen hell-holes.
Scientists have noticed, however, that the overall temperature of the stream seems to be dropping, and has dropped a pants-shitting 30 percent since 1992. As you probably guessed, we again have climate change to thank. Before someone in the comments screams, "OH SO NOW GLOBAL WARMING MAKE PART OF THE OCEAN COOLER?!?!?!" keep in mind that when hot air melts a glacier, the hunks of ice break off and cool the water they melt into. Originally, the fear was that if the Gulf Stream cooled too much, it would stop running, since it's those differences in temperature that keep it going. Then western and northern Europe would once again become home to woolly mammoths and fanged squirrels.
However, studies have shown that if the Gulf Stream were to stop, there appear to be enough other factors warming Europe that it would have an effect, but wouldn't be the end of the world. So hell, why did we even bring it up? Uh Oh... The sudden drop off in inappropriate Speedo wearing in Europe would be the least of our concerns. According to measurements taken in 2005, the possible side effects of a "thermohaline shutdown" could include massive climate shifts, increases in major storms, greenhouse gases collecting in the upper ocean and phytoplankton dying off. In other words, Soylent Green would move from "Charlton Heston wailing" to "Grim predictor of the future." In case you haven't seen this 37-year-old movie, Chuck discovered we were eating humans because we ran out of food, and we ran out of food because we killed the fucking ocean. So it would be like that, only with cataclysmic El Ninos.
So Are We Doomed? Like with a lot of effects of climate change, we're kind of counting on uncertainty to save us (that is, we don't know exactly how this will work because we've never seen it happen before). Models show the current should keep running for another hundred years or so and they could still wind-up having to adjust those predictions--in either direction. |
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1) Gamma ray bursts don't cause any real damage because the only ones we've ever seen (about 1x per year in our observable universe) happen billions of light years away. Anything closer than a kiloparsec (~3300 light years, or ~1/60th of the width of the Milky Way, or to put it another way, 1 of 1.63934426 × 10^9 possible stars) would instantly irradiate the atmosphere, generating nitric oxide that would act as a catalyst to destroy ozone. Direct UV radiation from the blast and its afterglow, plus increased UV penetration from our own Sun, would scrub the earth pretty clean pretty quickly.
2) You don't have to go back 65 million years to find extinctions and deaths caused by methane. And the oceans are not the only possible source of a methane burp (or even the most likely source of some kind of catastrophic gaseous release).
Geological records indicate massive die-offs on a millennial scale around the 3 known exploding lakes in the world. In 1984, Lake Manoun, killed 30-some people with "mazuku", or evil winds. Another one, Lake Nyos, killed 1700 people and thousands of animals in 1986.
But the real problem would be in Lake Kivu, which is around a thousand times larger than Nyos and has a population of bacteria that convert Co2 into methane. Current conditions are letting these bacteria thrive.
They don't know what what exactly preceded the die-offs around the lakes or what makes them "experience violent lake overturns" every so often but they do know Lake Kivu now has more than 55 billion cubic meters of methane in its lower depths (enough to generate 100 gigawatts of electricity continuously for a year) and 4 times that much Co2 (so much that if it was all released at once it would equal 2 percent of annual Co2 production globally).
Although the clathrate gun hypothesis is theorized to happen on a time scale similar to a human lifetime, and the Artic Ocean has been found to be releasing millions of tons of methane every year. The Siberian Arctic seems poised to release up to 50 gigatons at any time, as increasing melt-water warms the "crust" of ice that had previously locked the gases away. So I guess it could be happening right now.
The only good news is that if all that gas goes, we won't be around long to worry about it. The heavier water-laden methane would stay lower in the atmosphere, and lightning or even just a warm sunny day would cause it to explode. The dust (burnt stuff) would cause cooling, then the dust particles would precipitate out and the methane and Co2 that didn't burn up would cause warming. The cycles of hot and cold, mixed in with the occasional regional firestorm, would certainly kill us all within a few years.
No mention of all the recent govt. Chemtrailing over the US? weird,
The Iceland volcano erupting kinda fits with the first one. I'm surprised this article was posted first! Science is fun... I wonder if they make an Earth Science Book For Dummies, I'd love to read that.
Dissapointed that there was no mention of Gamma Ray Bursts. Those litterally give no warning. You wouldn't know a GRB was coming until it was hitting the planet and killing everyone.
I was kind of under the impressing that Gamma Rays just passed through stuff and didn't effect it in any way :o it was just alpha and beta we have to worry about, and they can't travel far enough.
GRBs aren't dangerous because they are EXTREMELY far away (at least all the ones we've seen so far). See above for complete details.
Hey didn't something like this happen at a lake near a village or something like that? The Methane thing? Like didn't it kill all the life in the lake and a couple of people who got too close to it?
You're talking about Lake Nyos that killed 1,700 in 1986.
I remember reading about another such incident, don't know the exact details, but it was a lake that "burped" gas which basically drifted towards a lower-than-sea level town and suffocated everyone in the village. I think most of the townspeople were sleeping at the time as well.
You are correct sir. Exact details above.
#3 is what The Day After Tomorrow was all about. Crap movie, but based on truth.
OH SO NOW GLOBAL WARMING MAKE PART OF THE OCEAN COOLER?!?!?!
Lawl
I'm going to rearrange a couple quotes from your article to make things a bit more accurate...
"with CO2 again on the rise--this time thanks to thousands of power plants and millions of cars" ... "It really doesn't work that way."
I saw "An Inconvenient Truth" too. Although, when you lay Al Gore's two graphs over one another (the one showing the rise in temperature and the other showing the increase of CO2) you see the actual truth is that the CO2 increases come AFTER the increases in temperature. Not before.
Real science is a lot more fun than chicken-little junk science.
Try it some time.
I get bored at work a fair bit (my line involves hearing people whinge a lot), so every so often when someone's whinging about how their not getting any action, I check out USGS website and check out their snazzy Earthquake tracker. There's being a lot of action during the last six months.
Expecting one of the big ones to go boom soon but it just depends on which one can hold their load longer. My bet is one around Krakatoa. Reason, its closer to Australia and men here have a problem with going early.
For everything you just said: Giggety
If Methane Burps are also called the Clathrate Gun HYPOTHESIS, how can we 'know' it happened twice before?
Ice core samples (big frozen cylinders from Antarctica) contain bubbles that tell scientists what was in the air thousands/millions of years ago.
They KNOW that there were abnormal amounts of methane in the atmosphere twice before, and they KNOW it killed off stuff, but they HYPOTHESIZE about the actual process.
Scientific Explanation of the Day
Ice core samples only go back 67,000 years, tops. Most don't go nearly that far. So you're wrong.
Layers of sedimentary rock, however do go back millions of years.
A hypothesis is when you know something happens, and then you try to create an explanation. So we know it's happened twice before; the Clathrate Gun hypothesis is just a likely explanation.
I would prefer to die before the world ends.
Who wouldn't? I think that 2012 is bulls**t, and i hope it is.
Of course it's bulls**t,just like almost all "predictions".
Didn't they say it would end at the year 2000? Well,wha-do-ya know,nothing happened :D
I certainly would like to die seeing one of those things go off... so much more interesting than anything else I can think of... Just imagine, the last thing you ever see is a two or three kilometre high pillar of ash, and a huge flaming rock aimed at your head... You wouldn't fell any pain thats for sure!
Also, @thathobo, the 2012 movie is based on the end of a calendar written by a dead civilisation, the Mayans. If you haven't worked it out, our calendar ends every 365 or so days, so why wouldn't the Mayan calendar reset too?
And, no, we're not going to need to build huge-ass metal ships just to try to survive some freak flood that's over in a few days... it WON'T HAPPEN
(sorry for responding to your comment, wanted to respond to the responders) Shouldn't y2k happen in the year 2048? thats 2k computerized.
i hope they all happen, and i die in a horrible way.
Agreed. It would be so much more interesting than a stroke or getting hit by a bus...
Although getting hit by a bus would be giggles for everyone else
its no gonna be any o' those. its gonna be zombies!
Hell yeah it's gonna be zombies. No volcano induced methane burnp that shoots rocks into space only to fall back on us...it'll be our (now dead and hungry for us) friends and neighbors. Start planning!
AWESOME we're slowly doing what a supervolcano can, aren't we awesome =_= oh I'd love to see the day people start freaking out about what nature's doing when it's too late
...So what if they all happen at once?
Judgement Day :D but still how much co2 humans are emmiting/year compared to a volcano eruption?? what are the numbers?
Ah, who else is nice and relaxed now?
ahahhahha
but you forget the " Tarminators "
Deja-vu - Anyone else feel like they've seen an almost identical article on cracked before?
Best line: It would seriously be like if you were just minding your own business tomorrow and suddenly Tokyo fell on your head.