15 Terrible Medical Studies And Experiments (That Ended Up Being Influential)
![15 Terrible Medical Studies And Experiments (That Ended Up Being Influential)](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/1/882891_320x180.jpg)
We are all familiar with the adage, “knowledge is power.” But how far are we willing to go to gain that power? Throughout history, many experiments have been conducted in the pursuit of knowledge, often disregarding the ethical implications of their actions. From David Koch’s generous donation to the MIT center researching prostate cancer, to Stanley Milgram’s experiment on the power of authority, today we look at some of the most controversial and influential experiments throughout history.
Explore the stories of Little Albert, Henrietta Lacks and her HeLa cells, as well as the Holmesburg Prison experiments and the Stanford Prison Experiment. We will also be looking at the Stateville Penitentiary research project, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 to modify humans, the Pill trials of 1956, the Willowbrook State School tragedy, J. Marion Sims’ unethical gynecological practices, and Mary Rafferty’s role in Roberts Bartholow’s 1874 experiment. Finally, we will look at Harry Harlow’s groundbreaking research on primates, and the unconsenting psychiatric patients used for a flu vaccine.
These experiments have had both positive and negative impacts on society, and the ethical considerations are still being discussed today. So, without further ado, let’s delve into these fascinating stories of the pursuit of knowledge.
8,000 psychiatric patients experimented on without consent.
![CRACKED FLU VACCINE TESTED ON THOUSANDS OF UNCONSENTING PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS In 1942, medical scientists tested a new flu vaccine on 8,000 psychiatric patients without their consent, and in 1943, 200 male patients were given either the vaccine or a placebo and then exposed to the flu virus to test its effectiveness.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/5/882905.jpg)
Intentional virus testing: the Willowbrook State School tragedy.
![CRACKED HEPATITIS INJECTED INTO DISABLED CHILDREN The Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York, conducted a study from 1956 to 1970 in which cognitively disabled children were intentionally given hepatitis in order to track the development of the virus and test the effectiveness of gamma globulin injections.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/1/882901.jpg)
Research and punishment intertwined in Stateville Penitentiary.
![CRACKED INMATES INFECTED WITH MALARIA, SUBJECTED TO EXPERIMENTAL DRUGS. In the Stateville Penitentiary research project, inmates were infected with malaria and treated with experimental drugs. Research and punishment were completely interpenetrating, and mutually reinforcing.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/4/882904.jpg)
College students tricked into "prison" for controversial study.
![CRACKED COLLEGE STUDENTS TRICKED INTO FAKE PRISON (FOR... REASONS) Nine college students were taken to a fake prison in the Stanford University psychology department as part of the Stanford Prison Experiment, a controversial study in social psychology. The experiment has been used to explain events such as police brutality, but its lessons are not clear-cut due to the heavily manipulated environment and predetermined roles of the participants.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/7/882907.jpg)
Celebrated "father of gynecology" now controversial due to unethical practices.
![CRACKED PIONEERING GYNECOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE PERFECTED USING SLAVE WOMEN EXPERIMENTATION J. Marion Sims, originally celebrated as the father of gynecology, has become a controversial figure due to his use of slave women as guinea pigs to perfect his technique for repairing vesico-vaginal fistulas.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/9/882899.jpg)
Harrowing experience: two-year-old girl, lumbar puncture, rising pulse, respiration.
![CRACKED WENTWORTH'S LUMBAR PUNCTURE ON A TODDLER Dr. Arthur Wentworth performed the first lumbar puncture in 1895 on a two-year-old with tuberculous meningitis, but the experience was harrowing as the child became restless and her pulse and respiration rose, causing Wentworth to fear for her life.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/6/882906.jpg)
Unethical trials in Puerto Rico yield successful Pill results.
![CRACKED COLONIALISM, DECEIT, AND BIRTH CONTROL: THE PILL TRIALS OF 1956 John Rock and Gregory Pincus conducted human trials for the Pill in Puerto Rico, taking advantage of the island's population density, lack of anti-birth control laws, and existing network of birth control clinics. The trials were successful in demonstrating the Pill's effectiveness, but have since been accused of deceit, colonialism and exploitation of poor women of color.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/3/882903.jpg)
Question authority? Few dared to try.
![CRACKED SHOCKINGLY OBEDIENT: 65% SUBMIT TO AUTHORITY Stanley Milgram's experiment demonstrated the power of authority, with 65% of participants willing to administer high-voltage electric shocks, despite feeling negative emotions. Participants who challenged the authority were in the minority, showing that obedience can override personal codes of conduct.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/3/882893.jpg)
Yale University Manuscripts and Archives
Mary Rafferty’s role: Historic, yet mysterious.
![CRACKED ROBERTS BARTHOLOW'S GROUNDBREAKING EXPERIMENT Bartholow's experiment on Mary Rafferty is widely cited as the first demonstration of motor excitability of the human cerebral cortex, but there are still many questions and details left unanswered about the experiment.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/0/882900.jpg)
MIT builds center thanks to cancer-stricken David Koch.
![CRACKED MCMXVI CANCER RESEARCH FUNDED BY DAVID KOCH HNG In 1991, billionaire and gigantic piece of shit David Koch survived a plane crash and was later diagnosed with prostate cancer, inspiring him to turn to philanthropy. Не, of all people, was able to convince his alma mater, MIT, to build a center to research prostate cancer.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/9/0/2/882902.jpg)
Dr. Kligman’s experiments: Inmates paid for human testing.
![CRACKED HOLMESBURG PRISON'S SHOCKING EXPERIMENTS The Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia was the site of controversial medical testing between 1951 and 1974, with inmates being used as test subjects in exchange for small stipends. The experiments focused on the effects of various additives on human skin, and sparked public outcry and legal action in the late 1990s.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/6/882896.jpg)
Primate research reveals social impact on development.
![CRACKED INFANT MONKEYS DENIED SOCIAL INTERACTION Harry Harlow's research on primates revolutionized our understanding of the importance of social relationships in early development, demonstrating the devastating effects of social isolation on infant monkeys through their disturbed behavior and refusal to interact with peers.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/7/882897.jpg)
CRISPR-Cas9 use sparks international outcry.
![CRACKED WORLD ROCKED BY GENETIC MODIFICATION OF HUMANS Chinese scientist Не Jiankui shocked the world by announcing the successful use of gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to modify the DNA of two embryos before birth, creating the world's first genetically modified humans, sparking international outcry and raising serious ethical questions.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/8/882898.jpg)
HPV infection connected to cervical cancer by HeLa cells.
![CRACKED UNETHICALLY HARVESTING HENRIETTA LACKS' CELLS ENABLED LIFE-SAVING SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES Lacks' cervical cancer cells, known as HeLa, were harvested without her consent and have since been used to make many scientific advancements, such as polio and COVID-19 vaccines, cancer research, and sequencing the human genome.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/4/882894.jpg)
National Institutes of Health/Wiki Commons,
Lacks Foundation
Baby “Little Albert” conditioned to fear animals by Watson and Rayner.
![CRACKED LITTLE ALBERT WAS CONDITIONED TO FEAR ANIMALS (PERMANENTLY) John Watson and Rosalie Rayner conducted a study on a 9-month-old baby, Little Albert, in which they conditioned him to fear animals and furry objects through a loud noise. Watson never revealed Albert's identity, or de-conditioned him.](https://s3.crackedcdn.com/phpimages/imageset/8/9/5/882895.jpg)
Akron psychology archives/Wiki Commons,
cynoclub/Shutterstock